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The Meitei script (), also known as the Kanglei script () or the Kok Sam Lai script (), after its first three letters is an abugida in the family used to write the Meitei language, the official language of Manipur, Assam and one of the 22 official languages of India. It is first known from engravings on 6th century CE coins and copper plate inscriptions. as verified by the various publications of the National Sahitya Akademi. It was used until the 18th century, when it was replaced by the Bengali alphabet. A few manuscripts survive. In the 20th century, the script was revived and is again being used. Beginning in 2021, the Government of Manipur began to use the Meitei alongside the Bengali-Assamese script, per the Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021.
Since Meitei does not have voiced consonant, there are only fifteen consonant letters used for native words, plus three letters for pure vowels. Nine additional consonants letters inherited from Indic languages are available for writing loan words. There are seven vowel diacritics and a final consonant () diacritic. The names of the twenty-seven letters are based on parts of the human body.
The Old Manipuri script also appears on coins issued during the reigns of Meitei Kings, Ura Konthouba (c. 568-653 CE) and Ayangba (c. 821-910 CE). These coins are presently preserved in the Mutua Museum in Imphal.
The origin of the official script of Manipur is derived from religious book Wakoklon Puya. But, there has been some controversy regarding the origin of the Meitei script. The Meitei script is a Brahmic abugida. According to Singh (1962), an archaic form of the script had developed by the 11th century, and it was in use until the early 18th century, when it was replaced by the Bengali alphabet.K.B. Singh, The Meiteis of Manipur (1989 1962), p. 157. By contrast, Tomba (1993) claims that the script is a development of , with all supposedly older documents being deliberate forgeries.Frans Welman, Out of Isolation – Exploring a Forgotten World (2011), 468f., citing O.Tomba, The Need to rewrite Manipuri History, Imphal, 1993. According to K.S. Singh and Mahoharan (1993), as per the modifications of the phonemic distributions of Meitei language, the script belongs to the Tibetan script group of scripts.
The earliest stone inscription, found in the village of Khoibu, Manipur, is also believed to date to time of Ura Konthouba. This inscription is presently kept in the Manipur State Museum, Imphal.
Another early copper plate Meitei inscription dates to the 8th century CE, inscribed during the reign of King Khongtekcha (). It was discovered by scholar Yumjao from Phayeng in 1935. It is one of the earliest known examples of Meitei literature.
A stone inscription found at Khoibu in Tengnoupal district, of current Manipur state, contains royal edicts of king Senbi Kiyamba (d. 1508), representing the earliest portion of the Chietharol Kumbaba or Royal Chronicle of Manipur. It is one of the primary texts in the Meitei script.
in 2022, a joint meeting consensus of the Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup, the All Manipur Working Journalists' Union and the Editors' Guild, Manipur agreed that Meitei language newspapers would switch from the Bengali script to the Meitei script from 15 January 2023.
In the traditional Meitei religion of Sanamahism Meitei letters and numerals are believed to be the creations of the supreme God.
| head or brain | |||
| throat, palate, neck | |||
| pharynx, larynx | |||
| lips | |||
| saliva | |||
| breast, chest, ribs | |||
| ear | |||
| eyelash | |||
| anus, buttocks, or uterus | |||
| eye | |||
| spine | |||
| forehead | |||
| navel, heart | |||
| hair | |||
| joint | |||
| immortality, heaven, divinity, birth | |||
| blood | |||
| skin |
Independent vowels are used only when a word starts with a vowel, just like in most Indic scripts. Otherwise, vowels appear as diacritics attached to consonants.
Meitei Mayek has seven independent vowel letters, including , which is used as a default vowel carrier, similar to in Devanagari:
Examples:
Since Meitei Mayek preserves independent vowels, it functions similarly to Brahmic scripts in terms of structure, even though the vowel ordering differs from most Indic alphabets.
Possibly, ꯎ can be used as an alternative to ꯑꯨ (ū). Examples:
| + Diacritics |
| + Meitei numerals 0-9 | |||||||||
The Unicode block for the Meitei script is U+ABC0 – U+ABFF.
Characters for historical orthographies are part of the Meetei Mayek Extensions block at U+AAE0 – U+AAFF.
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